vim filename-modifer

%:pとかの:pはfilename-modifiersという。

:help filename-modifiers

List of modifiers

• :p
  • Make file name a full path. Must be the first modifier.
  • Also changes “~/” (and “~user/” for Unix and VMS) to the path for the home directory.
  • If the name is a directory a path separator is added at the end. For a file name that does not exist and does not have an absolute path the result is unpredictable.
• :8
  • Converts the path to 8.3 short format (currently only on MS-Windows).
  • Will act on as much of a path that is an existing path.
• :~
  • Reduce file name to be relative to the home directory, if possible.
  • File name is unmodified if it is not below the home directory.
• :.
  • Reduce file name to be relative to current directory, if possible.
  • File name is unmodified if it is not below the current directory.
• :h
  • Head of the file name (the last component and any separators removed).
  • Cannot be used with :e, :r or :t.
  • Can be repeated to remove several components at the end.
  • When the file name ends in a path separator, only the path separator is removed.
  • Thus :p:h on a directory name results on the directory name itself (without trailing slash).
  • When the file name is an absolute path (starts with “/” for
• :t
  • Tail of the file name (last component of the name).
  • Must precede any :r or :e.
• :r
  • Root of the file name (the last extension removed). When there is only an extension (file name that starts with ‘.’, e.g., “.vimrc”), it is not removed.
  • Can be repeated to remove several extensions (last one first).
• :e
  • Extension of the file name. Only makes sense when used alone. When there is no extension the result is empty. When there is only an extension (file name that starts with ‘.’), the result is empty. Can be repeated to include more extensions. If there are not enough extensions (but at least one) as much as possible are included.
• :s?pat?sub?
  • Substitute the first occurrence of “pat” with “sub”. This works like the |:s| command. “pat” is a regular expression. Any character can be used for ‘?’, but it must not occur in “pat” or “sub”. After this, the previous modifiers can be used again. For example “:p”, to make a full path after the substitution.
• :gs?pat?sub? Substitute all occurrences of “pat” with “sub”. Otherwise this works like “:s”.
• :S
  • Escape special characters for use with a shell command (see

編集中のファイルのディレクトリを開く

%:p:hで編集のファイルのディレクトリとなる。

:e %:p:h

Reference